The Cosine Effect may impact the benefit of the violator in which mode?

The Cosine Effect refers to the phenomenon where the angle at which a radar beam strikes a moving vehicle can affect the speed reading obtained. In stationary mode, radar directly measures the speed of an approaching or receding vehicle, so the angle of the radar beam is typically consistent, and the Cosine Effect has minimal impact.

In moving mode, the situation is different. The Cosine Effect may either enhance or reduce the speed reading depending on the relative motion between the radar unit and the violator's vehicle. For instance, if the radar is aligned head-on with the violator’s vehicle, the reading may accurately reflect the speed. However, if the angle between the radar and the vehicle is not optimal—meaning the vehicle is moving at an angle relative to the radar—the Cosine Effect can either decrease or increase the speed reading.

Thus, the statement that it may or may not affect readings in moving mode recognizes this variability. The impact of the Cosine Effect in moving mode is not fixed and can change based on the specific circumstances of the encounter, which includes factors like the angle of approach and speed of both the radar and the vehicle. This understanding emphasizes the importance of being aware of the positioning and motion dynamics when interpreting speed readings in a law enforcement